Fouls in the box are booked yellow or straight red, depending on circumstances. A take down from behind in a breakaway in the box with only the keeper to beat will usually be straight red. Trips, shoves, handling the ball all in the box tend to be yellow unless the offender is already booked with a yellow, where they receive a yellow/red ejection. Infractions in the box tend to stop scoring opportunities while a midfield foul tends to be a warning unless multiple warnings have been given a player, or a player comes in cleats up or such. Outside the box is usually possession movement of the ball.
If video review, like in the current Belgium/Canada game, shows a foul, like handling the ball (handball) in this case, the call is made after the review and the offender got a yellow card. Same would apply for any possible missed foul in the box. Keeper stoned the PK attempt.
Futbol is no different than any sport. You hope for equal officiating, either tight or let ‘em play. Just be level with the calls.
Think of it like American football and scoring, targeting and turnover reviews.
Japan took down Germany for the shocker of the day.