All areas are in a flood zone. A REGULATED FLOOD ZONE is either "A" or "AE". That means that it has a 1% chance of flood in any given year. A regulated flood zone requires that the finished floor of any new structure enclosed on three sides needs to be at or above the established Base Flood Elevation for that particular area. There are other things that need to be done to construct a structure in a REGULATED FLOOD ZONE but that is the most important thing. A REGULATED FLOOD ZONE IS WHAT IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS BEING IN A FLOOD ZONE. If you are in Flood Zone X you are not in a regulated flood zone. That means you have less than 1% change of flood in any given year. Unregulated flood zones have no Base Flood Elevation established and as such, there is no minimum finished floor established.
It is not entirely up to you if you purchase flood insurance. If you are buying an existing structure, and are financing the purchase price, your lender will require that you have flood insurance. If you are not financing the purchase buying flood insurance is up to you.
If you buy flood insurance and are in a regulated flood zone then you will be required to obtain a Flood Elevation Certificate. This is a document that is provided by a licensed Land Surveyor or Civil Engineer. The FEC will have information on the ground elevation, finished floor elevation, Base Flood Elevation, photographs of the structure and other information particular to that site. How the finished floor elevation of your structure relate to the Base Flood Elevation will determine your insurance rate.
If you are not in a regulated flood zone and want to by flood insurance what you have to do will depend on the insurance agent.